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What does the message "Connection reset by peer", "ping timeout" or "software caused connection abort" mean?

These messages mean that the server has lost communication with the client, and the client has been disconnected. An IRC server accepts connections from clients (the chatters). The clients remain connected to the server until they decide to quit. However, every now and then the client's Internet connection may drop out, or the transmission of data may get interrupted. The IRC server checks for these drop outs by sending a 'ping' to each client every few minutes. If the client does not reply to a ping within a certain amount of time, the server disconnects them with the 'ping timeout' message.